assignment 1b

1. When was Old English spoken?
At least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.

2. Name 4 language groups which influenced the development of Old English.
Frisians,Angles,Saxon and Jutes.


3. In the Phonology section, name 5 phonetical differences between Old English & Modern English.
hring "ring" is [hriŋɡ]; [ŋ] did not occur alone word-finally in Old English as it does in Modern English.
senġan "to singe" is [sendʒɑn] < /senjɑn/ < *sangjan
Similar sound, similar written and similar phonemes
bryċġ "bridge" is [bryddʒ] < /bryjj/ < *bruggjō < *bruɣjō


4. Are there any similarites between Old English and Modern English? Name them.
Syntax(word order), The way to ask questions(similar way of writing) some phonologycal sounds and morphemes. .

5. In the Orthography section, enlarge the picture of the runic alphabet. How many letters (runes) are there in this alphabet?
They are 34 letters (runes)

6. Which epic poem was originally written in Old English?
Beowulf was written in Old English.

7. In the See Also section, click on: Beowulf. Appoximately when was Beowulf written?
Between the 8th and the early 11th century

8. Even though Beowulf was written in England, the story takes place in which countries
Northern Germany, Scandinavia.

9. In the poem, which 3 antagonists does Beowulf battle or fight against?
the dragon,grendel, and grendel’s mother.

10. What happens to Beowulf at the end of the story?
Beowulf is buried in a tumulus, but he destroy the dragon.

11. Who was the author of Beowulf?
He was unknown

12. What were the titles and the dates of the two film versions of Beowulf?
Beowulf (1999), Beowulf & Grendel (2005) , Beowulf (2007).